Range: Most antennas have a "range" number listed in miles, and in a perfect, interference-free environment these figures might be accurate. However in many cases, the reception of some channels can be spotty or nonexistent because of a number of external factors. These include faraway broadcast towers or obstructions (like hills or buildings) that break up the signal. As part of our testing, we used this DTV Reception Maps site to determine where the nearest tower was, and found it's a useful resource for planning what kind of antenna you should buy. In addition, indoor antennas are affordable enough that you can find out how strong your signal is for yourself without a big outlay.

Cost: The sweet spot for an indoor antenna is between $29 and $40, and if you’re paying any more than this, it’s likely for features you probably don’t need. If you're looking to spend even more than this then consider installing an external antenna instead.

Form factor: Forget the old rabbit ears of days gone by. Most modern antennas are flat and optimized to receive transmissions in a single plane. Almost every indoor antenna available is designed to be stuck to a surface like a wall or a window, and there are even clear models if you’re concerned about the antenna blocking your view. If you don’t want a long cable messing with your living space you can choose a desktop standing model, but the tradeoff is that the reception won’t be as good.

Cable length: If your TV is close to the outer walls of your home then you won’t need a long run, but be aware that some of these models have short, attached cables and you may require more length. Look for a model that allows a detachable cable for added flexibility.

Amplifier: In my testing I've found that, nine times out of 10, a gain amplifier doesn’t offer overall benefits, and instead tends to muddy reception while also adding expense. Although an amplifier can boost the signal of some stations, it can also overload ones that you already receive well. The net result is fewer channels overall. If you do choose a model with an amp, try it with and without it connected to see which you like best. The best advice I can give is to buy the cheapest, non-amplified model you can first. If you get too few or even no channels, then adding an amplifier may not change that. An external antenna is the next best option.

• Antennas Direct ClearStream Eclipse ($40): With its ankh-shaped and multidirectional reversible compact design, the ClearStream antenna is unique. This multi-directional antenna comes with sticky tabs for attaching it to your window, which is handy. If you need more signal oomph, a $20 antenna amplifier is available as well. A previous winner in this category, the Eclipse didn't perform as well as the Mohu units -- especially in our LA location.
  
• Ultra Vizion HD Digital TV Antenna ($50): The Ultra Vizion is one of the most striking antennas we've seen thanks to its Perspex construction. It is large, and while it performed well when presented with a line of sight to a broadcast antenna (NYC) it came last when tested in suburban LA.  
• Gesobyte Amplified HD Digital TV Antenna : The Gesobyte Amplified HD Digital TV Antenna was one of the most flexible antennas we've tested, but it has been discontinued.

We've tested dozens of antennas in the past 10 years with a view to finding the best performance and ease of installation for the least amount of money. Compared to a live TV streaming service, OTA TV does have some restrictions, namely, it is usually confined to a single television, and the broadcast signal from an OTA TV antenna won't work on phones or other devices. Thankfully, you can kick it up a notch with an OTA DVR with networking capabilities and dedicated apps. Our favorite right now is the Tablo 4th Gen.

When you're buying a TV antenna the two things you desire most are: the most number of channels available, and the best reception or picture quality. In our tests, we wanted to find the antennas that were able to pull in more channels than the others, and that also delivered stronger, clearer TV signals, even on "problem" channels. Using the TiVo Edge as our test machine, we hooked up each antenna in turn and tested how many total channels we could receive in our LA and New York locations. The Edge lists the signal strength of each channel, and while a signal strength reading of 70% usually means it's watchable we watched all of the predetermined test channels (below) to determine the signal quality. In deciding a winner, we tried to find the antenna that had the best performance with both line of sight and without.

With that in mind, we tested seven indoor antennas with prices ranging from $29 to $50 (all much less than the most basic cable TV service). Here are the seven TV antennas we looked at:

• Antennas Direct Clearstream: $40
• Btfdreem Smart TV Antenna: $29 
• Channel Master Flatenna: $35
• Gesobyte Amplified HD Digital TV Antenna: $22
• Mohu Gateway: $25
• Mohu Leaf: $40
• Ultra Vizion HD Digital TV Antenna: $50

While most of the antennas were made by "name" manufacturers, the Gesobyte and the Btfdreem were chosen specifically because they were two of the highest-selling antennas on Amazon, although the latter is currently unavailable.

Much like real estate, how well a TV antenna works is based on location, location, location. We tested the antennas in two main places: in uptown Manhattan, New York with a line of sight to the broadcast tower six miles away, and in Reseda, California, at least 10 miles from the closest tower (though no line of sight). Depending on your own location, for instance, you might receive broadcasts from multiple antennas. In addition, hills or large buildings in the way will affect the frequency range and reception of TV channels.

We situated each antenna in the same spot each time and connected it to the TiVo Edge, which gives signal strength data as well as a total channel count. We used two metrics to determine which TV antenna performed best. The first was a raw measure of the number of channels the antenna could detect, while the second involved several predetermined "problem channels." For these, we consulted a list of channels culled from various forums, for both testing areas, and gauged how well the antennas pulled in each channel.

Our list of "problem" channels in Manhattan was WABC 7.1 (ABC), WNET 13.1 (PBS), WPIX 11.1 (CW -- Manhattan only) and WNJB 58.1 (PBS -- New Jersey only). In addition, we added popular channels CBS 2.1, WNBC 4 (NBC), and WNYW 5 (Fox). Meanwhile, we compiled a list of channels in LA including KCBS 2.1 (CBS), KNBC 4.1 (NBC), KTLA 5.1 (CW), KABC 7.1 (ABC), KTTV 11.1 (FOX), KCOP 13.1 (MyNetwork) and KCET 28.1 (PBS).

While the outcome will vary depending on where you live and how far you are from TV towers, in our tests the best-performing models received the greatest number of popular channels as well as local channels, radio broadcasts and Spanish-language stations.

Most of the TV antennas were based on the same rectangular design, but there was one important consideration: the cable. Did the antenna have a long, high-performance coaxial cable or, even better, a detachable one? You'll be sticking one of these in your window, which could be a long way from your TV, so longer is better.

It's worth noting that some of these antennas -- the Btfdreem, Gesobyte and the Ultra Vizion Plus -- included gain-boosting amplifiers. Based on our experiences in several locations over the years, amplifiers can affect signal strength in wildly unpredictable ways. The Ultra Vizion wouldn't work at all with the amp attached, while the others did. The numbers printed above are the best results with or without amplification. If you can't get TV reception with an indoor antenna, a gain amp may not actually help you, and in other cases, it could make your reception worse by overloading channels that already have a strong signal.