Didier Bikorimana,BBC Great Lakes Serviceand Hafsa Khalil
Ukuri Mbona via YouTube
Rwandan singer Aimable Karasira has died as he was being released from prison in Kigali, according to the Rwanda Correctional Service (RCS).
The RCS said he had died at Nyarugenge Hospital after he had allegedly overdosed on his prescription medication.
RCS spokesperson Hillary Sengabo later said Karasira was suffering from diabetes, high blood pressure and poor mental health, and that a post-mortem would be carried out.
However, some government critics view his death as suspicious and have called for an independent investigation.
The 48-year-old was well-known for his YouTube videos, in which he criticised the government and the ruling Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) party. He was arrested in 2021, and in 2025 was sentenced to five years for inciting division.
The high court last year acquitted him of the other charges put to him - inciting public disorder, justifying genocide and genocide denial.
In an interview with Rwandan broadcaster TV One, the RCS spokesperson said Karasira was being escorted out of the prison at around 14:00 or 15:00 on Wednesday when he took another dose of his medication.
According to the RCS spokesman, the prison officials proceeded to take the medication away from him, but it was too late.
But some - who shared his criticism of the Rwandan government - believe his death to be suspicious.
"After years of persecution and imprisonment, the authorities announce your death just as you were supposed to regain your freedom," said Denise Zaneza, a Rwandan human rights activist based in Belgium.
Her post on X called for an independent and transparent investigation, given what she called "Rwanda's long history of repression, lack of transparency, suspicious deaths in detention, and the mistreatment of critics and dissidents".
Zaneza remembered Karasira for his courage to "speak about memory, injustice, and the right to mourn all victims without fear".
"You spoke openly about the killing of members of your family by RPF soldiers in 1994; a story that many in Rwanda feel is not allowed to be told because it challenges the official narrative promoted by [President] @PaulKagame's government," she wrote.
"For speaking out, you were imprisoned. For sharing your truth, you were silenced. You lost your freedom simply for expressing your pain and demanding recognition for your family's suffering."
In 1994, ethnic Hutu extremists targeted members of the minority Tutsi community and their opponents, killing around 800,000 people in 100 days.
Karasira - an ethnic Tutsi - lost his parents during the killings, but he blamed RPF fighters, saying the rebels suspected them of passing on information about their activities.
The RPF was founded as a rebel group by Tutsi exiles including Paul Kagame, now president, to fight the Hutu regime behind the genocide, which it forced from power.
Eliel Sando via YouTube
The singer was also a lecturer in computer science at the University of Rwanda before he was sacked. The university denied accusations that he was dismissed because of his anti-government views, saying it was for "disciplinary faults", local media reported at the time.
His channel, "Ukuri Mbona", which means "The Truth As I See It", was where he platformed his criticism of the government. He also appeared on other YouTube channels as a guest.
The RPF has a reputation for not tolerating any dissent, and talking about ethnicity is not encouraged.
The government wants its citizens to identify as just Rwandans in an effort to promote reconciliation between the ethnic groups.
In 2021 - following the arrest of Karasira and others like him - Human Rights Watch called on Rwandan authorities to investigate the "suspicious deaths and disappearances of critics, opposition members, civil society actors, and journalists, and prosecute those responsible".
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