On Monday, tens of thousands of protesters flooded central Delhi after the CJP called for a march to parliament as the monsoon session began. At least 60 people were injured after police used batons and tear gas to disperse the crowds.

Officers also dismantled the stage and makeshift tents at Jantar Mantar, the protest's main base near the 300-year-old observatory. But the demonstrators have refused to leave, maintaining a round-the-clock sit-in.

A day after the violence, they were visited by several senior opposition leaders such as former Delhi chief minister Arvind Kejriwal and veteran politician Sharad Pawar.

Later on Tuesday, Congress president Mallikarjun Kharge and Gandhi led a surprise march to Modi's house, demanding the resignations of Pradhan, Home Minister Amit Shah who the Delhi police report to and PM Modi.

Gandhi said the government must apologise to students for the crackdown, adding that the Congress decided to stage a protest outside Modi's house because they weren't allowed to raise the issue in the parliament.

He said he had met speaker Om Birla to seek a discussion, but "the speaker said he needed to take permission from the government, but it was very clear to us that there was no interest in the government of having a debate".

Federal Minister Jitendra Singh denied Gandhi's allegation, external - he said he informed the Congress MP that the government had accepted his demand for a discussion but alleged that Gandhi later also demanded the resignation of Pradhan.

He accused Gandhi of "changing the goalpost" and of refusing to end the protest despite being told that the place wasn't conducive to such demonstrations.

Later, Pradhan - in his first comments since Monday's violence - criticised the Congress for "shamelessly exploiting students as political tools".

"Even after government conveyed its readiness for a comprehensive discussion, the Congress chose political spectacle over democratic debate. Their objective was never solutions for students, it was disruption for political headlines," he said in a post on X.

Pradhan did not directly refer to the CJP or the protests but said: "We owe our students more than outrage. We owe them answers, reforms and accountability. That is exactly what our government remains committed to delivering."

Pradhan's resignation has been the one of the key demands of the protesters and the CJP has not responded to his comments so far.

A satirical political movement, CJP was inspired by remarks made earlier this year by India's chief justice, who used the word "cockroach" to describe unemployed young people turning to journalism and activism. After the comments sparked outrage, he said he had been referring only to those with "fake and bogus degrees".

Monday's huge turnout showed that the CJP, though not a registered political party, has evolved into a movement capable of drawing tens of thousands onto the streets.

Protesters, who have been camped for the past month at Jantar Mantar, gained global attention after activist and educationist Sonam Wangchuk joined them on 28 June and began an indefinite hunger strike in support of their demands.

He was forcibly removed from the protest site by the police on Saturday and taken to hospital where he continues to fast.

The movement has broadened into one of the most visible expressions of public dissent against Modi in recent years.

In recent days, support for the CJP has grown beyond Delhi, with protests also being held in other major cities like Mumbai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru and Ahmedabad.